Protocol, Travel, Events, Hospitality and Tourism
Management |
Leading to Postgraduate Diploma in
Protocol, Travel, Events,
Hospitality, and Tourism Management |
Module
Number |
Credit-Hours |
Module Title |
Credit-Value |
226.M1 |
30 |
Protocol Management |
1 |
226.M2 |
42 |
Travel Management |
1 |
226.M3 |
90 |
Events Management |
Triple-Credit |
226. M4 |
120 |
Tourism and Hospitality Management |
Quad-Credit |
226.M5 |
90 |
People and Risk Management, in Protocol, Travel, Events,
Hospitality, and Tourism Management |
Triple-Credit |
Programme Objectives
By the conclusion of the specified learning and development
activities, delegates will be able to:
Protocol Management
Accurately send personalised invitations;
Accurately, elucidate the importance, or otherwise, of
‘Photo-Shoots’;
Address the importance of effective communication in Protocol
Management;
Ascertain the prevailing relationship between Embassies and High
Commissions, on the one hand, and Host Government Ministries, on
the other;
Correctly interpret responses or non-responses to RSVP;
Demonstrate a heightened understanding of the procedures
involved in Visa Processing;
Demonstrate their ability to Arrange Consulate, Embassy, High
Commission, or Hotel Overnight Accommodation;
Demonstrate their ability to avert potential Cultural
Infringements;
Demonstrate their ability to create and send formal invitations;
Demonstrate their ability to establish good working relations
with embassies or ministries;
Demonstrate their ability to facilitate cross-cultural
relations;
Demonstrate their ability to shield their Diplomatic Corp;
Demonstrate their ability to shielding their Diplomatic Corp;
Demonstrate their ability to use organising as an inherent
aspect of Protocol;
Demonstrate their expertise in arranging Visits To their Home
Country;
Demonstrate their familiarity with the procedures involved in
passport processing;
Demonstrate their understanding of Political, Economic, Social,
Technological, Ecological, and Legal (PESTEL) Factors, outlining
how they might impinge on the role and operation of a Foreign
Mission.
Demonstrate their understanding of some culturally enshrined
behaviour of their host or foreign nationals;
Demonstrate their willingness to maintain the highest level of
Confidentiality, and Secrecy, as are appropriate;
Determine the formalities and rules applicable to visa
arrangements and processing;
Develop strategies in Planning, Organisation and Management, as
aspect of their Protocol Duties;
Develop strategies that address a crisis that might affect their
National or State Government, or Parastatal, managing the
associated risks;
Devise appropriate protocol for specific diplomatic convoys;
Elucidate the importance of effective communication in Protocol
Management;
Exhibit a heightened understanding of the concept of general
protocol management;
Exhibit their awareness of relevant ‘Official Secrets Acts’;
Exhibit their competence in ‘Media Relationship Management’;
Exhibit their competence in advising on ‘Events Organisation’;
Exhibit their competence in choosing appropriate Events for
International Visitors;
Exhibit their competence in establishing heightened Events
Standard;
Exhibit their competence in maintaining Conventional and
Exemplary Etiquette Rules;
Exhibit their competence in maintaining cultural awareness.
Exhibit their understanding of General Protocol Management;
Explain the efforts that they currently make, or will be making,
to adhere to the Data Protection Regulation of their Host and
other Foreign Countries;
Explain the procedure for arranging visits to their Host
Country;
Explain the role of a State Protocol Officer;
Handle exhibition planning and participation.
Illustrate their ability to choose appropriate gifts, for
dignitaries;
Illustrate their ability to coordinate with their peers;
Illustrate their acquisition of competence in in Planning,
Organising and Managing, as elements of their Protocol Duties;
Illustrate their conversance with the Immigration Regulations
and requirements of specific countries;
Indicate how they have been maintaining, or will establish and
maintain excellent relationship with the Ministries in their
Host Country, particularly the Foreign Ministry;
Indicate the most appropriate ways in which to promote the
relationship between Embassies and High Commissions, on the one
hand, and Host Government Ministries, on the other;
Make special arrangements and planning for vehicular convoys;
Narrate their effort to maintain protocol consistency;
Produce effective seating arrangements, in specified formal
occasions;
Propose how they will establish excellent working relationship
with Business Operators in their Host Country;
Propose how they will initiate Visits Follow-ups;
Provide an enhanced definition of communication, within an
organisational setting;
Suggest a Protocol for the amendment of Particular International
Treaties;
Suggest how they will, effectively, research traditions and
customs of host and foreign countries;
Suggest the efforts necessary to avert etiquette breaches by
mission members;
Suggest the measures that might be implemented to create,
maintain and improve corporate identity;
Suggest the protocol that might be initiated in International
Relations, for Internal Disaster Management;
Suggest ways for effective implementation and maintenance of
corporate identity;
Travel Management
Be conversant with the rules on international freight
arrangements for personal belongings;
Demonstrate a heightened understanding of International Airline
Ticketing and Flight Schedules, that will avert flight
inconvenience;
Demonstrate a heightened understanding of the procedures
involved in Visa Processing;
Demonstrate the step-by-step process in making effective
schedule;
Demonstrate their ability to Arrange Consulate, Embassy, High
Commission, or Hotel Overnight Accommodation;
Demonstrate their ability to avert potential Cultural
Infringements;
Demonstrate their ability to conduct ‘risk assessment’;
Demonstrate their ability to create and send formal invitations;
Demonstrate their ability to establish and maintain itineraries;
Demonstrate their ability to facilitate cross-cultural
relations;
Demonstrate their ability to maintain and improve relationship
with High Commission or Embassy, and Host Ministries;
Demonstrate their ability to manage conflict effectively,
incorporating the occasions when it should be encouraged;
Demonstrate their ability to organise special events;
Demonstrate their ability to promote effective ‘inter-agency’
and ‘intra-agency’ communication;
Demonstrate their familiarity with the procedures involved in
passport processing;
Determine the formalities and rules applicable to visa
arrangements and processing;
Enumerate the duties and responsibilities of the different
airport personnel and officers;
Exhibit their ability to, effectively and smartly, initiate and
conclude Hotel and Airline Reservations;
Exhibit their ability to, effectively and smartly, initiate and
concluder Hotel and Airline Reservations;
Exhibit their competence in ‘Media Relationship Management’;
Explain the efforts that they currently make, or will be making,
to adhere to the Data Protection Regulation;
Identify the different ways of visa processing, arrangements and
the common requirements observed in various countries;
Identify the requirements for arranging business travel;
Illustrate their conversance with the Immigration Regulations
and requirements of specific countries;
Make proper coordination with hotels for visa processing;
Make special arrangements and planning for vehicular convoys;
Manage projects in a systematic way;
Manage resources more efficiently;
Meet tight deadlines with time to spare;
Narrate the duties and responsibilities of the different airport
personnel and officers;
Narrate the duties and responsibilities of the different airport
personnel and officers;
Events Management
Accurately send personalised invitations;
Accurately, elucidate the importance, or otherwise, of photos
and videos in events management;
Correctly interpret responses or non-responses to RSVP;
Demonstrate their ability to create and sending formal
invitations;
Demonstrate their ability to organise special events;
Demonstrate their understanding of Political, Economic, Social,
Technological, Ecological, and Legal (PESTEL) Factors, and their
effect on Events Management;
Exhibit their competence in advising on ‘Events Organisation’;
Exhibit their competence in choosing appropriate Events for
International Visitors;
Exhibit their competence in establishing heightened Events
Standard;
Exhibit their competence in maintaining Conventional and
Exemplary Etiquette Rules in their Events Management;
Exhibit their competence in drawing on their cultural awareness
in their Events Management;
Illustrate their conversance with the Immigration Regulations
and requirements of specific countries;
Implement techniques for minimising disruptions;
Narrate the duties and responsibilities of the different airport
personnel and officers;
Managing People and Risk
Address the salient issues associated with Dysfunctional
Behaviours;
Adopt appropriate strategies for dealing with interruptions;
Adopt effective delegation techniques;
Apply appropriate rewards and, or, disincentives that are
applied to a given team situation – thereby promoting team
‘functionality’;
Apply group dynamics to organisational settings;
Appreciate the importance of averting resonation, during
meetings;
Ascertain how to work with disorganised colleagues;
Ascertain the possible causes and effects of meeting
mismanagement;
Create an effective agenda that will keep the meeting on track;
Create an effective Disaster Recovery Plan;
Deal with information overload;
Decide which tasks can be delegated;
Define communication;
Define Group Dynamics;
Demonstrate a heightened understanding of the different
personality types and their corresponding influences;
Demonstrate a heightened understanding of the nature of
Strategic Public Relations;
Demonstrate a heightened understanding of the type and
permanence of the leadership of a team;
Demonstrate a high level of understanding of a team attempts to
replace a situational leader, to enhance stability,
acceptability or renewed or clarified mission or objectives;
Demonstrate an awareness of their ‘Team Building and Maintenance
Roles’ that will improve team effectiveness;
Demonstrate an effective ‘leader behaviour’ when dealing with
dysfunctional behaviours;
Demonstrate an understanding of the notion that societal
socio-economic hierarchy might be informally represented in
teams;
Demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategy that they have
devised for dealing with intra-team competition;
Demonstrate the step-by-step process in making effective
schedule;
Demonstrate their ability to conduct ‘risk assessment’;
Demonstrate their ability to deal with the psychological effect
of disbandment;
Demonstrate their ability to determine the necessity, and
conduct, of meetings;
Demonstrate their ability to employ transactional analysis in a
team context;
Demonstrate their ability to establish and maintain itineraries;
Demonstrate their ability to manage conflict effectively,
incorporating the occasions when it should be encouraged;
Demonstrate their ability to promote effective ‘inter-agency’
and ‘intra-agency’ communication;
Demonstrate their appreciation of the fact that workers belong
to different classes, in society;
Demonstrate their appreciation of the importance of time
management;
Demonstrate their awareness of the value of team cohesiveness
and team solidarity, and the dangers of over-cohesiveness.
Demonstrate their grasp of the salient issues associated with
performance management;
Demonstrate their understanding of Resonation as an issue in
team effectiveness;
Demonstrate their understanding of the ‘risky shift syndrome’,
outlining the steps that they will take to avert them;
Demonstrate their understanding of the concept of Continuity
Management in the Public Sector;
Demonstrate their understanding of the concept of multitasking;
Demonstrate their understanding of the difference between
important and urgent activities/works;
Demonstrate their understanding of the dysfunctionality of
resonation during meetings;
Demonstrate their understanding of the factors contributing to
managers’ time-wasting activities;
Demonstrate their understanding of the importance of Gatekeeping
in team formal settings;
Demonstrate their understanding of the importance of Strategic
Public Relations in ‘Image Formulation’ and Maintenance;
Demonstrate their understanding of the social and psychological
relevance of the stages of formation of a group;
Demonstrate their understanding of the theoretical and practice
bases of Team Dynamics;
Demonstrate their understanding of the underlying principles of
“Time” In An Organisational Wide Context;
Demonstrate their verbal and written communication skills, for
excellent presentation;
Demonstrate your understanding of the social and psychological
relevance of the stages of formation of a group;
Describe the effort that they will make to enhance the ‘critical
faculty’ of their team;
Detect Dysfunctional Behaviours in Team Settings;
Determine how efficient time management increases work
effectiveness and productivity;
Determine how goal setting can lead to proper time management;
Determine the optimum team size for effective functioning;
Determine why a temporary team is likely to be more problematic
to lead than a permanent team;
Develop crisis management strategies, for their organisation;
Develop effective communication strategies that might be applied
to team settings, minimising technical language;
Develop strategies in handling crisis which may affect their
organisation;
Develop their personal “To-Do List;”
Devise efficient tactics to implement strategies using the
tactical management principles;
Distinguish between ‘Groupthink’ and ‘Teamthink’;
Distinguish between Command Teams, Boards, Committees and Task
Forces;
Distinguish between groups and mere aggregations;
Distinguish between Temporary Committees and Standing
Committees;
Distinguish the difference between groupthink and teamthink;
Draft an outstanding contingency plan for their organisation;
Employ strategies to encourage enthusiastic participation and
contribution in meetings;
Enumerate the barriers to effective communication and propose
some ways to overcome them;
Enumerate the benefits of effective time management;
Enumerate the different time management tips for managers;
Establish a basis for standard setting in their teams;
Evaluate the effectiveness of their strategy for addressing
situations where team members seek sympathy;
Exemplify how to utilize their gap times;
Exhibit a heightened understanding of the intimidating effect
that class might have on team members, and, hence, the leader’s
responsibility to ensure that this informal hierarchy is
dispensed with in the promotion of a ‘classless team’;
Exhibit n understanding of the phases of Forming, Storming,
Norming, Performing and Disbandment;
Exhibit tact in discouraging team members’ distracting
behaviours;
Exhibit their ability to develop appropriate protocol for
specific scenario;
Exhibit their enhanced verbal and written communication skills,
for improved presentations;
Explain the bases for the feeling of ‘Togetherness’ or
‘Awareness’ IN an Aggregation;
Explain the occasions in which a situational leader is likely to
emerge;
Explain the Team Typological Bases;
Explain why a team’s disbandment might have a negative
psychological effect on members and the team leader;
Formulate corporate strategies pertinent to the operation of
their organisation;
Formulate strategies in handling unexpected job emergencies;
Formulate their individualized plan of action,
to maximise their use of time;
Handle exhibition planning and participation;
Identify the different meeting menaces and learn how to deal
with them;
Identify their
professional goals and personal time;
Identify time bandits and devise strategies for dealing with
them;
Identify time wasters and adopt strategies for eliminating them;
Illustrate how they might resolve interpersonal problems among
team members;
Illustrate how they will assert themselves politely and calmly,
within their varying work contexts;
Illustrate how they will determine the contribution of each team
member to team goal accomplishment;
Illustrate how they will enhance the issue of ‘gatekeeping’ to
ensure that team members, in general, participate in team
meetings, extending support to the weak, ensuring that
introverted team members are not intimidated or ‘crushed’ by the
extroverted;
Illustrate how they will manage their workloads more
effectively;
Illustrate how to diffuse the negative impact of others;
Illustrate their ability to manage the risk to their
organisations, using the principles of continuity management and
disaster recovery;
Implement techniques for minimising disruptions;
Indicate how they will address the issue of interruptions
constructively;
Indicate how they will establish key competencies in teams;
Indicate how they will help team members to channel their
energies into task performance, establishing realistic goals;
Indicate how they will recognise resonation in their teams,
outline the steps that they will take to avert or reduce its
occurrence, outlining how they will be ‘cautioning’ resonators;
Indicate how they will reward exceptional performance in their
teams;
Indicate how they will utilise the different time management
tools to increase their work effectiveness and productivity;
Indicate how they would handle blocking, effectively;
Indicate the range of tangible rewards that might be utilised in
a team;
Indicate the risk mitigation measures that they will employ, in
different scenarios;
Indicate the steps that they will take to harmonise their teams;
Indicate their acceptance of the importance of goals;
Internalise the dysfunctional effect of ‘resonation’ in a team
context;
Make special arrangements and planning for vehicular convoys;
Manage information flow and retrieval process;
Manage projects in a systematic way;
Manage resources more efficiently;
Manage the risk to their business or organisation, using the
principles of continuity management and disaster recovery;
Meet tight deadlines with time to spare;
Name the different planning tools;
Order the team formation stages, explaining the psychological
issues that beset them and relate them to organisational
functioning;
Outline the difference between being “busy” and “productive;”
Outline the steps that they will take to avert groupthink and
promote teamthink;
Plan to make the best use of the time available through the art
of effective scheduling;
Prioritise ‘urgent’ and ‘important’ activities;
Propose an effective remedy to ‘member withdrawal’;
Propose an effective way of dealing with interfering behaviour;
Propose measures towards a team’s performance improvement;
Propose standards of measuring competence in teams;
Propose suitable intangible rewards that might be applied to a
team situation;
Propose
useful techniques for setting and achieving goals;
Provide a basis for a team’s standard setting - establishing
standards and evaluating progress;
Provide an indication of their awareness of the fact that team
members’ class consciousness might relate to the positions that
they occupy in the organisation or society;
Provide an individually synthesized proposal for dealing with
aggressiveness;
Provide examples of command teams, highlighting the situations
in which a leader might belong to two Command Teams;
Provide examples of how a leader should encourage desirable
behaviours in a team;
Put forward a satisfactory way of addressing ‘special pleading’;
Realise the importance of agenda;
Solve problems through the ‘Trading Game Scenario’.
Specify the negative effects of poor time management;
Specify the steps that managers and team leaders need to take,
to ensure productive and effective meetings;
Suggest at least three causes of procrastination, proposing
relevant techniques to overcome them;
Suggest how one might address
unreasonable requests from one’s manager;
Suggest how one might develop and maintain a good time
management habit;
Suggest how they might employ an effective diversity management
that discourages resonation;
Suggest how they will maintain their responsibility;
Suggest how to determine which individual members of a team can
improve their performance – and subsequently, their contribution
to the team as a way of harnessing team synergy;
Suggest how to establish acceptable performance levels in teams,
observing performance indicators;
Suggest how to reduce time spent in meetings, without impairing
operational effectiveness;
Suggest the differences in interpretation of groups and teams;
Suggest the efforts necessary to avert etiquette breaches by
mission members;
Suggest the most effective ways of dealing with task delegation;
Suggest the protocol that might be initiated in International
Relations, for Internal Disaster Management;
Suggest ways for effective implementation and maintenance of
corporate identity.
Suggest ways of improving team morale, while enhancing their
effectiveness
Suggest ways to counteract the effect of the informal hierarchy
- in teams other than command teams;
Suggest ways to manage multiple tasks;
Suggest ways to maximize their personal effectiveness;
Use effective delegation techniques in a workplace setting;
Use practical techniques for organising work;
Programme Contents, Concepts and Issues
Module 1
Protocol Management
M1-Part 1: Executing The Protocol Management Role (1)
Contextualising Protocol
Conceptualising Protocol;
Defining Protocol;
Diplomatic Relations;
Duties of Protocol Officers;
Essentials of Protocol;
Order of Precedence;
Qualities of effective Protocol Officers;
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.
Exploring the Role of a protocol Manager
Facilitation of cross-cultural relations;
Promoting effective communication;
Planning as an element of Protocol;
Organising as an inherent aspect of Protocol;
Managing, as elements of Protocol;
Promoting Relationship between Embassies and High Commission, on
the one hand, and Host Government Ministries, on the other;
General Protocol Management;
Understanding the duties and responsibilities of the different
airport personnel and officers.
M1- Part 2: Executing The Protocol Management Role (2)
Importance of effective communication in Protocol Management;
Procedures involved in Passport Processing;
Role of a State Protocol Officer;
Maintaining and improving relationship with High Commission or
Embassy, and Host Ministries;
Establish heightened Events Standard;
Maintaining Conventional and Exemplary Etiquette Rules;
Being Research-Aware;
Choosing Appropriate Events for International Visitors;
Coordinating with Peers;
Choosing appropriate Gifts;
Maintaining Cultural Awareness;
Shielding Diplomatic Corp;
Media Relationship Management;
Advising on Events Organisation;
Arranging Visits to Host Country;
Arranging Visits To Home Country;
Ensuring protocol Consistency.
M1 - Part 3: Executing The Protocol Management Role (3)
Researching traditions and customs;
Understanding Culturally Enshrined Behaviour;
Organising Special Events;
Conducting Risk Assessment;
Establishing Risk Mitigation Effort;
Creating and sending invitations;
Personalising Invitations;
Interpreting Response or Non-response to RSVP;
Effective Seating Arrangements;
Taking advantage of ‘Photo-Shoots’;
Establishing and maintaining Itineraries;
Meeting necessitation and conduct;
Transportation Schedule.
M1 - Part 4: Executing The Protocol Management Role (4)
Vehicular Convoy Arrangements;
Meeting Venue;
Arranging Consulate, Embassy, High Commission, or Hotel
Overnight Accommodation;
Keeping an eye out for potential Cultural Infringements;
Averting Etiquette Breaches;
Understanding Political, Economic, Social, Technological,
Ecological, and Legal (PESTEL) Factors, and how they might
impinge on the role and operation of a Foreign Mission.
Establishing excellent working relationship with Business
Operators in the Host Country;
Establishing and maintaining excellent relationship with
Ministries in Host Country, particularly the Foreign Ministry;
Understanding and adhering to the Data Protection Regulation of
the Host and other Foreign Countries;
Maintaining the highest level of Confidentiality, and Secrecy,
where appropriate;
Awareness of relevant ‘Official Secrets Acts’;
Initiating Visits Follow-ups.
M1 - Part 5: Protocol For Events Planning and Hosting
Important Elements of Diplomatic Protocol in Events Planning and
Hosting
Ceremony;
Etiquette;
Titles and forms of addresses;
Introduction using the various Titles, Degrees, Ranks, and
Ratings;
Correspondence;
Conventional Mannerisms;
Wardrobe;
Dinning.
Special Arrangements and Planning for Vehicular Convoys.
Salient Aspects of Diplomatic Protocol, for Events Planning and
Hosting
Ceremony;
Etiquette;
Titles and forms of addresses;
Using the various Titles, Degrees, Ranks, And Ratings;
Correspondence;
Good Manners;
Wardrobe;
Dinning.
Special Arrangements and Planning for Vehicular Convoys.
Module 2
Travel Management
M2 - Part 1: Visa and Immigration Formalities
Conceptualising ‘Visa’;
Types of Visa:
Transit Visa;
Airside Transit Visa;
Private Visa;
Tourist Visa;
Visa for Medical Reasons;
Business Visa;
Working Holiday Visa;
Student Visa;
Temporary Worker Visa;
Journalist Visa;
Residence Visa;
Spousal Visa or Partner Visa;
Marriage Visa;
Pensioner Visa;
Diplomatic Visa;
Courtesy Visa;
On-Arrival Visa;
Electronic Visa.
Visa
Entry Types:
Single-entry;
Double-entry;
Multiple-entry.
Visa Application;
Visa Processing;
Visa Refusal;
Visa Extensions;
Visa Exemption Agreements.
Single
Visa for Entry in Multiple Countries (Common Visa):
The Schengen Visa;
Central American Single Visa.
Passport-Free Travel.
M2 - Part 2: UK General Visa Categories and Their Requirements
Leave to Enter or Remain in the UK;
UK Family Visitor Visa;
UK General Visitor Visa;
UK Child Visitor Visa;
UK Business Visitor Visa;
UK Sports Visitor Visa;
UK Entertainer Visitor Visa;
UK Prospective Entrepreneur Visa;
UK Private Medical Treatment Visitor Visa;
UK Approved Destination Status (ADS) Visa;
UK Permitted Paid Engagements Visitor Visa.
Recent UK Visa Categorisations and Replacements.
M2 - Part 3: Hotel and Airline Booking Arrangements
Hotel Reservation
On-line
Telephone
Guidelines in Hotel Reservation.
Airline Reservation
Direct Airline Reservation
Reservation through a Travel Agent
Internet Travel Website
Changing Flight Reservation
Cancelling Flight Reservation
Electronic Ticket (E-Ticket)
Benefits of an E-Ticket
Disadvantages of an E-Ticket
Getting the Best Airfare Prices
Corporate Hotel Booking Arrangement
M2 - Part 4: The Nature of Strategic Public Relations
Defining Public Relations
Key Public Relations Tools
Additional Public Relation Activities
Market Monitoring;
Crisis Management.
Trends in Public Relations
Objectives of Public Relations
Public Relations vs. Marketing vs. Advertising
Advantages of Public Relations
Disadvantages of Public Relations
M2 - Part 5: Professional Travel Agency Management (1)
Airline Ticket Class;
Infant Ticketing Policy;
Flight Schedule;
Flight Arrangement for Personal Belongings;
Defining Travel Agency;
Origin of Travel Agency;
Concepts;
Operations of Travel Agency;
Types of Agencies;
Travel Agency Commissions;
International Air Transport Association (IATA) Membership;
Consolidators;
Poor Booking Practices.
M2 - Part 6: Professional Travel Agency Management (2)
Online Booking Opportunity or Threat?
Functions of Travel Agency;
Land Issues Planning:
Accessibility;
Space and Infrastructure;
Parking;
Amenity Value.
Legal Requirements:
Land Use Zoning;
Licensing and Registration;
Other legal Requirements;
Policy.
Business Issues:
Travel Agency Business Structure;
Managing Travel Agency Business;
Promotion;
Marketing.
7 C’s of Travel Services Marketing:
Competence;
Confidence;
Credibility;
Consistency;
Customisation;
Care;
Clout.
M2 - Part 7: Professional Travel Agency Management (3)
Financial Issues associated with Travel Agency Management:
Sources of Finance;
Business Plan;
Financial Record Keeping;
Budgeting;
Tariff Structures.
Package and Group Tours.
Package Tour:
Factors Influencing Package Tour Cost;
Components of Package Tour.
Group Tour:
Steps in Planning a Group Tour.
Sales, Processes and Customer Retention:
Sales Process;
Customer Retention.
Module 3
Events Management
M3 - Part 1: Contextualising Events Management
Establishing the conceptual and contextual bases of Events;
Popular Event Types and their Contexts
Carnivals;
Conferences;
Conventions;
Fairs;
Festivals;
Inaugurations;
International Exhibitions;
International Expositions;
Launces;
Local Exhibitions
National Exhibitions;
National Expositions or Expos;
Parties;
Promotions;
Retreats;
Roadshows;
Symposia;
Trade Shows;
Training;
Weddings;
Miscellaneous Events.
M3 - Part 2: Preliminary Issues in Events Planning and Operation
Event creation and design;
Event life cycle;
Event Objectives;
Event operations;
Events in public spaces;
Events Project Management;
Hospitality Issues;
Impact evaluation;
International Events;
Legal Issues associated with Events Hosting;
Local Events;
National Events;
New media technologies
Real-Time ‘Location-Based Events’;
Regional Events;
Risk management and mitigation Issues;
Security;
Single-Venue vs Multi-Venue Events;
Sponsorship
Stationary vs Mobile Event;
Sustainability and sustainable event management
Venue Choice;
Virtual Interactive Events;
Virtual Non-Interactive Events.
M3 - Part 3: Events Sponsorship
Initiating Event Sponsorship;
Sponsorship Plan;
Sponsorship Research;
Effective Sponsorship Proposal;
Sponsorship success and growth;
Maintaining good relationship with Sponsors;
The Creative Approach to Sponsorship;
The Keys to Successful Sponsorship;
The Legal Issues in Event Sponsorship;
Sponsor-Client Relationship;
Generating repeat sponsorship;
The Sponsorship Evaluation Process;
The Globalisation of Event Sponsorship;
Significance of Networking in Sponsorship Drive;
The Future of Global Event Sponsorship;
Sponsorship Platforms and their effectiveness.
M3 - Part 4: Issues Associated With Events Project Management
Conceptualising Project Management
Project Defined;
Distinction between Project and Task;
Project Classification;
Pre-Project Commissioning;
The Project Management Concept;
Pre-feasibility and Feasibility Studies;
Project Life Cycle.
Project Life Cycle Phases:
Project Initiation;
Project Planning;
Project Execution;
Project Monitoring;
Project Completion;
Project Commissioning.
Important Aspects of Project Management
Project Evaluation;
Project Completion;
Project Life Cycle Management;
Project Co-ordination;
Project Sustainability;
The Role of the Project Manager.
M3 - Part 5: Initiating The Events Project
Getting The Project Started
Pre-feasibility and Feasibility Studies;
Pre-Project Commissioning;
Initial Steps of the Project Initiation Phase;
Using Project Selection Models/Methods:
Criteria for Choosing Project Selection Model;
Nature of Project Selection Model.
Nonnumeric Project Selection Model
The Sacred Cow;
The Operating Necessity;
The Competitive Necessity;
The Product Line Extension;
Comparative Benefit Model.
Numeric:
Numeric Project Selection Model
M3 - Part 6: Planning The Events Project (1)
Project Objectives;
Deliverables;
Milestones;
Technical Requirements;
Limits and Exclusions;
Reviews with Customers.
Project Priority;
The Triple Constraints;
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Process Breakdown Structure.
Responsibility Matrix;
Project Planning Process;
Resources Needed for the Project Time Management;
Defining Activity;
Sequencing Activity;
Estimating Activity Resource;
Estimating Activity Duration;
Schedule Development;
Schedule Control.
Other Practical Considerations in Developing Networks.
M3 - Part 7: Planning The Events Project (2)
Project Cost Management:
Cost Estimating;
Cost Budgeting;
Cost Control.
Project Quality Management:
Quality Planning;
Performing Quality Assurance;
Performing Quality Control.
Clearing The Final Hurdle
Developing the Project Plan;
Creating a Project Network Diagram;
Obtaining Project Plan Approval;
Evaluating the Project Charter.
M3 - Part 8: Events Project Execution
Executing the Tasks Defined in the Project Plan;
The Roles of the Team;
The Pure Project Organisation;
Matrix Management;
Structure Selection;
Mixed Organisational Structures and Coordination;
Project’s Human Resource Management:
Human Resource Planning;
Acquire Project Team;
Develop Project Team.
M3 - Part 9: Events Management and The Media
Events and Media;
Understanding Media;
The Role of the Media in the Events Management;
The Media and Links to Stakeholders;
Information Management and the Media;
The Impact of Media Coverage on Events’ Success;
Crisis Management for Event Managers.
M3 - Part 10: Events Coordination
The essence of coordination;
Departmentalising;
Division of Task;
Role assignment;
Reporting Mechanism;
Establishing communication channels;
Establishing ‘Short-Circuit’ in Communication Mechanism;
Delegating Responsibilities;
Establishing clear accountability;
Creating and maintaining operational transparency;
Working with Vendors and Volunteers;
Establishing a ‘Review Process’.
M3 - Part 11: Events Project Monitoring
Introduction to Project Monitoring;
Monitoring Mechanisms;
Monitoring tools;
Participatory Monitoring;
Steps to Participatory Monitoring Techniques;
The Purpose of Project Monitoring and Evaluation;
Key Principles of Project Monitoring and Evaluation;
Critical Success Factors of Project Monitoring and Evaluation;
Project Audit;
Types of Project Audit;
Contents of the Project Audit.
A Format for a Project Audit;
The Project Audit Life Cycle;
Phases of Project Auditing;
The In- Progress Project Audit;
Post Completion Project Auditing;
Verification Activities During Project Monitoring and Control;
Quality Assurance and Project Monitoring;
Project Monitoring Process Description;
Types of Project Monitoring Activities;
Elements of Project Monitoring;
Post- Programme or Post- Project Monitoring.
M3 - Part 12: Events Project Evaluation
Introduction to Project Evaluation Phase;
Programme Evaluation;
Evaluation Outputs and the Project/Programme Cycle;
The Objectives of Programme Evaluation;
Evaluation Steps;
Broad Evaluation Design Strategies;
Performance Logic Chain Assessment;
Pre-implementation Assessment;
Process Implementation Evaluation;
Rapid Appraisal;
Case Study;
Impact Evaluation;
Meta- Evaluation;
Characteristics of Quality Evaluations;
Types of Evaluation.
M3 - Part 13: Events Project Completion or Termination Phase
Appropriate Project Termination Activities;
Activities in Closeout Phase;
Reasons for Stopping in Mid-Stream;
Early Termination Analyses;
Modes of Project Closure/Termination;
Project Disposition Phase;
The Objective of Project Termination Phase;
Roles and Responsibilities During the Termination Phase;
Deliverables During the Disposition Phase;
Final Project Report;
Mid-Term Evaluation Report: Sample Outline;
Annual Programme/Project Report.
Module 4
Tourism and Hospitality Management
M4 - Part 1: Hospitality and Lodging (1)
Hospitality, Defined;
Hospitality Management, Defined;
Constituents of the Hospitality Industry.
Development of Hospitality:
Ancient Times;
Greece and Rome;
Medieval Times;
Coffee Houses;
The New World;
The French Revolution;
The Nineteenth Century;
The Twentieth Century.
M4 - Part 2: Hospitality and Lodging (2)
Hospitality Industry leaders;
The Pineapple Tradition;
Hospitality vis-à-vis Tourism;
Characteristics of the Hospitality Industry;
Philosophy of Hospitality Industry;
Sustainable Hospitality;
Success in Service;
Usual Situations in the Hospitality Industry.
Focusing on Service:
Service as an element of ‘Modern Quality System’;
Contextualising Guest Service;
Guest Personalisation and Welcome;
Applying Kinesiology to ‘Intervention’;
Enhancing Communication Effectiveness;
Simplifying Internal Communication;
Facilitating Hassle-Free External Communication;
Effective Concierge Service;
Airport Transfer Facilitation;
M4 - Part 3: The Interrelated Nature Between Hospitality
Management and Tourism (1)
What is Tourism?;
Benefits of Tourism;
Long-Term Prospects: Tourism 2020 Vision;
The Five Ages of Tourism;
Pre-Industrial Revolution;
Rail, Automobile, and Coach Travel;
Travelling by Train;
Rail Travel Abroad;
Travelling by Car:
Car Rental.
Travelling by Bus:
Types of Bus Services;
Airlines;
The-Hub-and-Spoke System.
M4 - Part 4: The Interrelated Nature Between Hospitality
Management and Tourism (2)
New Airplanes;
Components of Airline Profit and Loss;
Load Factor;
Cruise Ships;
Cruise Market;
The Economic Impact of Tourism;
The Multiplier Effect.
Promoters of Tourism:
State Offices of Tourism;
City Level Offices of Tourism and Convention Centres;
National Offices of Tourism;
Tour Operators;
Travel Agencies;
Tour Wholesalers and Consolidators;
Destination Management Companies.
M4 - Part 5: The Interrelated Nature Between Hospitality
Management and Tourism (3)
Business Travel;
Social and Cultural Impact of Tourism;
Ecotourism;
Sustainable Ecotourism;
Cultural, Heritage, Nature and Volunteer Tourism;
World Heritage Sites:
Cultural Tourism;
Heritage Tourism;
Nature Tourism;
Culinary Tourism;
Volunteer Tourism.
Current Developments in Tourism;
Tourism During a Pandemic.
M4 - Part 6: Operations Management: An Introduction
Defining Operations management
The Origins of Operations Management
Development of Operations Management
Adam Smith’s Contribution to Operations Management
Modern Operations Management
Crucial Elements of Operations Management
M4 - Part 7: The Hotel Business (1))
Franchising in the Hospitality Industry;
Referral Associations;
Management Contracts;
Real Estate Investment Trusts;
Hotel Development;
Economic Impact of Hotels;
Classification of Hotels;
Types and Locations of Hotels:
City Centre Hotels;
Resort Hotels;
Airport Hotels;
Freeway Hotels and Motels.
M4 - Part 8: The Hotel Business (2)
Types and Locations of Hotels (cont.):
Casino Hotels;
Convention Hotels;
Full-Service Hotels;
Economy/Budget Hotels;
Boutique Hotels;
Extended-Stay Hotels and All-Suite Extended-Stay Hotels;
Condotels and Mixed-Use Hotels;
Bed and Breakfast Inns.
Best, Biggest, and Most Unusual Hotels and Chains;
Vacation Ownership;
International Perspective;
Sustainable or Green Lodging;
Current Developments in Hotel Development.
M4 - Part 9: Rooms Division Operations (1)
Functions and Departments of a Hotel;
Management Structure;
Role of the Hotel General Manager;
The Executive Committee;
The Departments:
Rooms Division;
Front Office:
The Guest Cycle.
Night Auditor.
Revenue Management:
Energy Management Systems;
Call Accounting Systems;
Guest Reservation System.
M4 - Part 10: Rooms Division Operations (2)
Revenue Management (cont.):
Billing Guests;
Security;
Guest Comfort and Convenience.
The Reservations Manager;
Communications Systems;
Guest Services/Uniformed Services;
Concierge;
Housekeeping;
Laundry;
Sustainable Lodging:
Green Hotel Initiatives.
Security/Loss Prevention;
Current Developments in Hotels and Room Division Operations.
M4 - Part 11: Food and Beverage Operations
Food and Beverage Management;
Food & Beverage Organization Chart;
Kitchen;
Food Operations;
Bars;
Stewarding Department;
Catering Department:
Seating Styles;
Catering Event Order (CEO);
Catering Coordinator;
Catering Services Manager (CSM).
Room Service/In-Room Dining;
Sustainable Food and Beverage Operations;
Current Developments in Food and Beverage Operations.
M4 - Part 12: Beverages Operation (1)
Wine;
Light Beverage Wines;
Sparkling Wines;
Fortified and Aromatic Wines;
The History of Wine;
The Wine-Making Process;
Wine Matching with Food;
Major Wine-Growing Regions;
Reading Wine Label;
Wine and Health;
Sustainable Wine Production.
Beer:
The Brewing Process;
Organic and Craft Beers, Microbreweries, and Brewpubs.
Spirits:
Scotch Whisky;
Irish Whisky;
Bourbon Whisky;
Canadian Whisky;
White Spirits;
Other Spirits;
Cocktails.
M4 - Part 13: Beverages Operation (2)
Non-alcoholic Beverages:
Non-alcoholic Beer;
Coffee;
Tea;
Carbonated Soft Drinks and Energy Drinks;
Juices;
Bottled Water.
Bars and Beverage Operations:
Bar Set Up;
Inventory Control;
Beverage Management Technology;
Personnel Procedures.
Restaurant and Hotel Bars;
Nightclubs;
Brewpubs and Microbreweries;
Sports Bars;
Coffee Shops;
Liquor Liability and the Law;
Current Developments in the Beverage Industry.
M4 - Part 14: Restaurant Operation (1)
Restaurant Business;
Classical Cuisine;
Food Trends and Practices;
Culinary Practices;
Developing a Restaurant;
Operating Philosophy, Mission, Goals, and Objectives;
Restaurant Market;
Restaurant Concept;
Restaurant Location;
Restaurant Ambiance;
Sustainable Restaurants.
M4 - Part 15: Restaurant Operation (2)
Menu Planning:
Needs and Desires of Guests;
Capabilities of Chefs;
Equipment Capacity and Layout;
Consistency and Availability of Menu Ingredients;
Price and Pricing Strategy;
Nutritional Value;
Accuracy in Menu;
Menu Analysis;
Menu Engineering;
Menu Design and Layout.
Classifications of Restaurants:
Fine Dining;
Celebrity Restaurants;
Steak Houses;
Casual Dining and Dinner House Restaurants;
Family Restaurants;
Ethnic Restaurants;
Theme Restaurants;
Quick Service/Fast Food.
Hamburger;
Pizza;
Chicken;
Sandwich Restaurants;
Bakery Café;
Current Developments in Restaurant Business.
M4 - Part 16: Restaurant Operations – Front of the House and
Back of the House (1)
Front of the House;
Restaurant Organizational Chart;
Restaurant Forecasting;
Service;
Types of Restaurant Service;
Suggestive Selling.
Front of the House Restaurant Systems:
Kitchen Display Systems;
Guest Service Solutions.
Back of the House Restaurant Systems:
Wireless POS System;
Labor Management;
Financial Reporting;
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs).
M4 - Part 17: Restaurant Operations – Front of the House and
Back of the House (2)
Back of the House:
Food Production.
Kitchen/Food Production;
Staffing and Scheduling;
Training and Development;
Production Procedures;
Management Involvement and Follow Up;
Employee Recognition;
Food Cost Control Process;
Purchasing;
Receiving, Storing, Issuing;
Budgeting;
Restaurant Accounting.
M4 - Part 18: Restaurant Operations – Front of the House and
Back of the House (3)
Balance Sheet:
Operating or Income Statement;
Operating Ratios;
Food Cost Percentage;
Contribution Margin;
Labour Cost Percentage;
Prime Cost;
Beverage Cost Percentage.
Lease and Controllable Expenses.
Restaurant Manager Job Analysis:
Human Resource Management;
Financial Management;
Operations Management;
Recycling.
Current Developments in Restaurant Operations.
M4 - Part 19: Managed Services
Overview of Managed Services;
Airlines and Airports:
In-flight Food Service and Airport Food Service.
Military;
Elementary and Secondary Schools:
Nutrition Education Programs.
Colleges and Universities:
Student Union.
Managing Managed Services;
Sustainable Managed Services;
Health Care Facilities;
Business & Industry;
Managed Service Other Than Food;
Leisure and Recreation;
Stadium Points of Service;
Other Facilities;
Advantages and Disadvantages;
Current Developments in Managed Services.
M4 - Part 20: Recreation, Attractions and Clubs (1)
Recreation, Leisure, and Wellness;
Government-Sponsored Recreation;
National Park Service;
National Park Management;
Public Recreation and Parks Agencies;
Commercial Recreation and recreation Management;
National Park Management;
Public Recreation and Parks Agencies;
Theme Parks;
Size and Scope of the Theme Park Industry;
Case Studies:
Walt Disney;
Magic Kingdom;
Universal Studios;
Sea World Parks and Entertainment;
Hershey’s.
M4 - Part 21: Recreation, Attractions and Clubs (2)
Regional Theme Parks;
Animal Attractions;
Historic Places/Sites;
Museums;
Performance Arts;
Destinations;
Managing Attractions;
Clubs;
Size and Scope of the Club Industry.
Club Management:
Types of Clubs;
Club Management Structure;
Management to Leadership;
Sustainable Golf Course Management.
Non-commercial Recreation;
Current Developments in Recreation and Leisure.
M4 - Part 22: Gaming Entertainment
Casino Resort;
What is Gambling?;
Comps: A Usual Part;
of an Unusual Business;
Types of Casino Operations;
Components of Casino Resorts;
Evolution of Gambling and Casinos.
Working in a Casino Resort:
Hotel Operations;
Food and Beverage Operations.
The Mirage Effect;
Sustainability in Gaming Entertainment;
Career Information;
Current Developments in the Gaming Entertainment Industry.
Module 5
People and Risk Management, in Protocol, Travel, Events,
Hospitality, and Tourism Management
M5 - Part 1: Salient Team Dynamics Issues
Groups and Aggregations: Points of Distinction;
The Type and Permanence of the Leadership of a Team;
When Does a Situational Leader Emerge?
How Does the Team Attempts to Replace a Situational Leader,
Enhance Stability, Acceptability or Renewed or Clarified Mission
or Objectives?
Why Does a Temporary Team More Problematic to Lead Than a
Permanent Team?
Why Does Team Disbandment Have a Negative Psychological Effect
on Members and Leader?;
An Aggregation - ‘Togetherness’ or ‘Awareness’?
Aggregation and Interaction;
Team or Group: A Definition and Distinction;
Team Dynamics.
M5 - Part 2: Team Typologies and Their Bases, in People
Management
Team Typologies;
Team Typological Bases;
Command Team;
Committees;
Temporary Committees;
Standing Committees;
Task Forces;
Boards;
Command Teams and the Organisational Hierarchy;
Command Teams and the Organisational Functioning.
M5 - Part 3: Team Formation, Stage Significance and Role
Implications
Team Formation;
Team Formation Stage 1: Forming;
Team Formation Stage 2: Storming;
How ‘True-To-Life’ or Realistic Are the Forming and Norming
Stages of Team Development?
Team Formation Stage 3: Norming;
Team Formation Stage 4: Performing or Total Integration;
Team Formation Stage 5: Adjourning or Disbanding;
Deal with the Psychological Effect of Disbandment.
M5 - Part 4: Team Leadership for Effective People Management (1)
Dysfunctional Behaviours;
Addressing Dysfunctional Behaviours;
Dealing with Aggressiveness;
Handling Blocking;
Dealing with Interfering Behaviour;
Dealing with Intra-Team Competition;
Addressing Situations Where Team Members Seek Sympathy;
Dealing with Member Withdrawal;
Addressing Special Pleading;
Leader Behaviour in Dealing with Dysfunctional Behaviours;
Being Tactful in Discouraging Distracting Behaviours;
Encouraging Desirable Behaviours;
Using Tangible Rewards;
Using Intangible Rewards;
Being Mindful of Team Situation;
Applying Appropriate Rewards and, or, Punishment;
Promoting Team Functionality.
M5 - Part 5: Team Leadership for Effective People Management (1)
Team Building and Maintenance Roles: Improving Team
Effectiveness;
Encouraging Members;
Harmonising;
Standard Setting;
Gatekeeping;
Determining the Optimum Team Size;
Providing Team Incentives;
Encouraging Conflict;
Averting Groupthink;
Avoiding the Risky Shift Syndrome;
Employing Transactional Analysis;
Employing Effective Diversity Management and Discouraging
Resonation;
Encouraging Members;
Harmonising Team.
M5 - Part 6: Enhancing Team Performance in The Management of
People (1)
Performance Management;
Solving Interpersonal Problems among Team Members;
Helping Team Members to Channel Their Energies into Task
Performance Establishing Realistic Goals;
Developing Effective Communication Strategies;
Minimising Technical Language;
Clarifying Roles;
Standard Setting - Establishing Standards and Evaluating
Progress;
A Determination of the Contribution of Each Team Member to Goal
Accomplishment;
Recognising and Acknowledging Performance Improvement;
Rewarding Exceptional Performance;
Establishing Key Competencies.
M5 - Part 7: Enhancing Team Performance in The Management of
People (2)
Establishing Acceptable Performance Levels;
Noting Performance Indicators;
Measuring Competence;
Which Individual Members Can Improve Their Performance – and
Subsequently, Their Contribution to the Team as A Whole;
Harnessing Team Synergy;
Gatekeeping;
Making It Possible for Others to Participate;
Supporting the Weak;
Ensuring That Introverted Team Members Are Not Intimidated or
‘Crushed’ By the Extroverted;
Recognising the Ineloquent Team Members
Without Relevant Current
Information to Perform Evaluative Role
M5 – Part 8: Addressing Resonation and Issues Associated with
Transactional Analysis, in People Management
Resonation as an Issue in Team Effectiveness;
Recognising Resonation;
Taking Steps to Avert or Reduce Resonation;
‘Cautioning’ Resonators;
Determining the Optimum Team Size;
Numbers That Are Best for the Operational Effectiveness of a
Team –
Team Constitutional Contingent Factors;
Team Numbers and Member Interaction;
Team Leader’s Direct Communication with Team
Members and the Intervening Factors;
Team Communication as Interaction;
Necessity of Communication Reciprocation within Teams;
Team Transaction;
Team Transitional Analysis;
The ‘Child’ In the Team;
The ‘Adult’ In the Team;
The ‘Parent’ In the Team;
The Team Leader as a Transaction Analyst.
M5 - Part 9: Salient Time Management Conceptual Issues
Time Management Defined;
Time in an Organisational Wide Context: Acting in Time;
The Cost of Time;
Time Management Tools;
Maximising Personal Effectiveness;
Busy vs. Productive;
Time Wasters/Time Robbers/Time Stealers/Time Bandits;
Managing Time Wasters/Time Robbers/Time Stealers/Time Bandits;
Combating Procrastination;
Diffusing the Impact of Others:
Handling Interruptions Constructively;
Asserting Yourself Politely and Calmly;
Conquering Over-commitment (Learn to say, “No”).
M5 - Part 10: Contextualising Time Management for Effective
People Management
The Four D’s of Time Management:
Do;
Delegate:
Tasks Which Should Be Delegated;
Effective Delegation Techniques;
How to Delegate.
Dump;
Defer.
Managing Multiple Task and Deadlines;
Combating Work Related Stress;
Balancing Personal and Professional Life;
Avoiding Time Crunches;
Handling Unexpected Job Emergencies;
Human Multitasking;
Benefits of Effective Time Management;
Effects of Poor Time Management;
Time Management Theories:
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs;
The Pickle Jar Theory;
Pareto Principle or 80/20 Rule;
Eisenhower Method;
POSEC Method.
M5 - Part 11: Important Aspects of Meeting Management, for
Objective Accomplishment
Meeting Necessity and Frequency;
Importance of, and need for, an Agenda;
Creating an Effective Agenda;
Steps for Productive and Effective Meeting;
Meeting Facilitation;
Participating and Contributing in Meetings;
Managing ‘Resonation’;
Groupthink vs. Teamthink;
Reducing Time Spent on Meeting.
M5 - Part 12: Salient Communication Issues for Enhanced People
Management
Defining Communication;
Barriers to Effective Communication;
Cross Cultural Communication;
Importance of Cross-Cultural Communication;
Understanding Culture;
Characteristics of Culture;
Kinesics;
Kinesiology;
Effective Cross-Cultural Communication;
How to Avoid Cross Cultural Problems;
Guidelines for Effective Cross-Cultural Communication;
Types of Presentation;
Formats of Presentation;
Characteristics of an effective Presentation;
Presentation Skills.
M5 - Part 13: Crucial Issues in Risk Management (1)
Defining and Contextualising Risk:
Defining Risk;
Contextualizing Risk;
Formulating Risk Statement;
Perception and Calculation;
Understanding Risk in an Organisation:
Model Towards Understanding Risk;
Enterprise Risk Management;
Risk – Classification.
Pertinent Issues in Enterprise Risk Mange
Risk in Enterprise Risk Management;
Identification of Type of Risk;
Level of Risk;
Property Risks;
Valuing Property;
Liability Legal Grounds;
Liability Risks;
Torts - An Insurance Categorization;
Establishing Negligence;
Types of Damages;
“Res Ipsa Loquitur”;
Defenses in a Negligence Suit;
Human Resource Risks;
Review and Update.
M5 - Part 14: Crucial Issues in Risk Management (2)
Sequencing the Process:
STEP 1: Risk Identification and Categorization;
STEP 2: Risk Quantification:
Example of Impact And Definitions.
STEP 3: Risk Strategies Identification:
4 Categories of Risk Strategies (Countermeasures):
Accept;
Manage;
Contingency plan;
Reduce.
Risk Strategies;
Risk Acceptance;
Risk Management;
Contingency Planning;
Risk Reduction;
Risk Transferring;
Insurance:
Example of Insurance.
Risk Reduction Control.
STEP 4: Implementation of Strategies:
Residual Risk;
The Risk Register.
STEP 5: Monitoring and Reviewing Results Of Risk Mitigation
Measures:
Continuous Risk Management (CRM);
Risk Assessment and Manifestation of Reality;
Crawford’s Risk Analysis and Base 10: Probability vs Risk
Magnitude.